A Landscape Theory of Aggregation
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چکیده
LANDSCAPES IN THE PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES The idea of an abstract landscape has been widely used in the physical and natural sciences to characterize the dynamics of systems. It was originally developed to study potential energy in physical systems and had its first rigorous development in the context of Hamiltonian systems.6 Biologists have independently developed landscapes to characterize evolutionary movement in an 4 Paul David, 'Clio and the Economics of QWERTY', American Economics Review Proceedings, 75 (1985), 332-7. 5 Brian W. Arthur, 'Self-Reinforcing Mechanisms in Economics', in P. W. Anderson, K. J. Arrow and D. Pines, eds, The Economy as an Evolving Complex System (Reading, Calif.: Addison-
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تاریخ انتشار 2007